Beam-Domain Anti-Jamming Transmission for Downlink Massive MIMO Systems: A Stackelberg Game Perspective

In this paper, beam-domain (BD) anti-jamming transmission in a downlink massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system is investigated. A smart jammer with multiple antennas attempts to interfere the signal reception of users desired energy efficiency (EE), whereas base station (BS) tries minimize cost while ensuring uninterrupted communication. Bayesian Stackelberg game between BS and jammer, where follower acts as leader, modeled. subgame, optimal jamming precoding closed-form power solution introduced. The proportional downlink, thus, for BS, strategy suppressing malicious attacks by increasing fails. leader generalized zero-forcing (ZF), whose constitutes unique equilibrium (SE) that found be robust transmission. results show there always exists ensures reliable when SE obtained. proper increase minimum signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio (SINR) threshold or BD channel approximation error helps save during resistance against jammer. Then, simplified without instantaneous state information (CSI) channels further introduced practical implementation. Numerical are provided verify proposed solutions.